Formatting Your Paper CorrectlyĪlthough it is unlikely you will need to include both footnotes and endnotes in your Chicago style format essay, it is acceptable, if needed. Do a search for dagger and both symbols will pop up. You can also check out this cool website called Cop圜har that provides special characters you can copy onto your clipboard for use. The corresponding notes are then numbered and placed at the end of the paper.
** †† ‡‡Ĭitation source notes are indicated in the text by the usual system of numbering the notes, using a superscript font. When you have more than three footnotes on one page, double the symbols for the fourth to sixth notes. Refer to the next section for how to format the symbols. If there is more than one footnote, use the dagger symbol to indicate the second one, and a double dagger symbol for the third one. Substantive footnotes are indicated at the bottom of the page, using an asterisk rather than a number for the first footnotes. You do that by using different symbols for each. If you do include substantive notes as footnotes, you need to separate those from the source citations notes in the text. Although most notes also refer to a bibliographic entry, in some cases, the citation source notes stand on their own. If the background or additional information helps the reader understand the text, it may be added.įor example, a paper about Rosa Parks may include mention of Claudette Colvin however, she is not as well known in the anti-segregation movement, so a substantive note may be included to provide that background information.Ĭitation source notes are used to show the source information, such as the author and publisher, without adding information. Many times, writers will add substantive notes to a paper to give additional background information, particularly in an historical context. Substantive notes are longer notes that add to the paper’s text.
Difference Between Substantive and Citation Source Notes
Typically, a Chicago 17 school paper will not include both however, if you are writing a research paper that has several notes that are dense (substantive notes), you may want these as footnotes, and then you can put your source citations in your bibliography. Sometimes you may notice a book or journal article with both footnotes and endnotes.
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